Do Spain passport holders need a visa for Vatican?

No visa required

No — Spain passport holders can visit Vatican visa-free for short tourist stays.

Entry requirements for Vatican

Passport validity3 months months beyond departure — Vatican City has no independent border regime: open border with Italy, no passport control at the boundary. Italian/Schengen entry rules apply de facto: passport valid at least 3 months beyond planned departure from the Schengen area.
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Onward ticketOften checked — Schengen entry condition applied at the Italian border: travelers must justify purpose of stay and prove sufficient means including the cost of return to country of origin or transit to a third state.
ExemptionHolders of Holders of a stay/residence permit issued by a Schengen State: visa free, up to 90 days — A foreigner already living in a Schengen State holding a stay permit is exempt from the Schengen visa requirement for stays not exceeding 90 days in a 180-day period; Vatican City is reached exclusively through Italian/Schengen territory.

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